Author: Saliha Waseem

Pakistan is home to 70–80 languages, spanning four major linguistic families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Language Isolates, and Sign Languages. Punjabi (37%), Pashto (18%), and Sindhi (14%) are the top three mother tongues, while Urdu remains the lingua franca across the nation. The 2023 PBS report shows unique linguistic patterns across provinces, influenced by migration, trade, and history. Language extinction and preservation are pressing concerns amid the richness of indigenous languages and modernisation pressures. Pakistan is a country of 241 million people standing testimony to the dictum of unity in diversity manifested in 68 indigenous languages and 12 non-indigenous languages spoken in…

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